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Business Dump - Concrete - How Concrete is Made and the History of Concrete
Concrete is the most widely used manmade product in the world. It powers a $35 billion industry, one of the largest on Earth. Concrete is used to make a variety of structures a wh
According to USFDA, a combination product is one composed of any combination of a drug and device; biological product and device; drug and biological product
ich you use everyday.
Concrete is a construction material that consists of, in its most common form, cement, gravel and sand, and water. Concrete is the most highly used manmade
Concrete is a construction material that consists of, in its most common form, cement, gravel and sand, and water. Concrete is the most highly used manmade
; or drug, device, and biological product and fixed dose combination would include two or more combinations of drug.
Examples of combination products may in
Examples of combination products may in
roduct on Earth. It is used to make pavements, building structures, foundations, motorways/roads, overpasses, parking structures, brick/block walls and
footings for gates, fence
lude drug-coated devices, drugs packaged with delivery devices in medical kits, and drugs and devices packaged separately but intended to be used together.
and poles. Approximately six billion cubic metres of concrete are produced every year, which is one cubic metre per person on Earth! Concrete commands a $35 billion worldwide ind
here is enormous increase in the number of combination products entering the market in the recent years. Combination products have proven advantages but fixe
stry and employs, in the United States alone, 2 million people.
The origins of concrete can be traced back to the Babylonians, who used a clay-mix similar to concrete. However, t
The origins of concrete can be traced back to the Babylonians, who used a clay-mix similar to concrete. However, t
d dose combinations are still in the process of convincing regulatory authority on their advantages over the single ingredient formulations.
Combination pro
Combination pro
e modern-day form of concrete was not invented till 1756, when British engineer John Smeaton pioneered the use of cement in concrete. His ingredients included pebbles and powdered
ucts have become life saving products for the pharmaceutical companies who doesn’t have many innovative molecules in their product pipeline and have been inc
brick as
aggregate. Nowadays, recycled materials are becoming increasingly more popular as ingredients in concrete due to higher public awareness about ecological sustainability
easingly used in the product life cycle management. Even the companies having product patents are trying to extend their product life cycle through the combi
and environmental damage.
The composition of concrete is traditionally relatively simple. However, modern concrete is often a complicated mix, ensuring durability and longevity.
The composition of concrete is traditionally relatively simple. However, modern concrete is often a complicated mix, ensuring durability and longevity.
nation products and maximize the revenues. But the companies involved in this practice are overlooking that they are burdening the patients both economically
ement is the main ingredient in concrete. Portland cement is the most common cement in circulation, which is just a basic mix of mortar and plaster.
Water is another ingredient i
Water is another ingredient i
and physically. They need to rightly judge the benefits of the combination products and they have to even look at the risks involved when combining the produ
the manufacture of concrete. The w/c ratio (mass ratio of water to cement) is the key factor that determines the strength of Concrete. A lower w/c ratio will yield a concrete whi
ts. Some of the combination products were well accepted by physicians while others suffered. Companies involved in development of combination products are fi
h is stronger, while a higher w/c ratio yields a concrete with a lower strength. Water also affects the workability and consistency of a concrete.This water and cement paste harde
ding difficulty in defining their combination products and facing various challenges from selecting a combination to marketing it.
Following aspects would a
Following aspects would a
ns over time, and both fine and coarse aggregates are added to provide bulk. Widely used aggregates include sand, gravel and crushed stone. Decorative stones such as, small river
dd to the challenges in developing combination products:
Which markets to tap where the combination products can do fairly well?
Which combination prod
Which markets to tap where the combination products can do fairly well?
Which combination prod
tones or crushed glass are sometimes added to the surface of concrete for a decorative "exposed aggregate" finish, popular among landscape designers.
Ad mixtures are also added t
Ad mixtures are also added t
cts are meaningful and rational?
Which therapeutic categories to select?
Which Combinations can address unmet needs of the patients?
Do combin
Which therapeutic categories to select?
Which Combinations can address unmet needs of the patients?
Do combin
a concrete mix to give it certain characteristics not obtainable by basic production. Admixtures come in powder or paste form and generally consist of no more than 5% of the enti
tions increase the patient compliance?
What would be the developing cost?
How to tackle the risks encountered during combination product developmen
What would be the developing cost?
How to tackle the risks encountered during combination product developmen
e mixture.Concrete has many characteristics including:
Workability – ability to mould to certain shapes
Curing – keeping concrete under certain conditions till it hydrates
Workability – ability to mould to certain shapes
Curing – keeping concrete under certain conditions till it hydrates
t?
As combination products don't fit into the traditional categories of drugs, medical devices, or biological products, the USFDA is in the process of devel
As combination products don't fit into the traditional categories of drugs, medical devices, or biological products, the USFDA is in the process of devel
>
Strength – high compressive strength, low tensile strength
Elasticity – relatively low
Expansion and shrinkage – provisions must be made for both
Cracking – abno
Elasticity – relatively low
Expansion and shrinkage – provisions must be made for both
Cracking – abno
ping new procedures for reviewing their safety, efficacy and quality.
Professional from academic institutions, pharmaceutical industries, health care indust
Professional from academic institutions, pharmaceutical industries, health care indust
mal drying rate will result in cracks
Creep – the permanent movement of a slab of concrete
Concrete is used for many structures. Mass concrete structures are structures buil
Creep – the permanent movement of a slab of concrete
Concrete is used for many structures. Mass concrete structures are structures buil
y and representatives from various regulatory agencies are working out to design the regulatory requirements for manufacture and sale of combination products
with one, giant concrete slab so that there are no weak points, such as dams or shelters. Reinforced concrete structures have bars of steel running through the concrete to ensure
.
As there is an increasing trend of the combination products companies manufacturing such products should be able to tackle the problems involved in the de
As there is an increasing trend of the combination products companies manufacturing such products should be able to tackle the problems involved in the de
strength and stability. Pre stressed concrete
structures have a predetermined stress level which will never be exceeded, as they will only carry their own weight. Concrete is an
elopment. They need to be wiser in analyzing the market trends and the regulatory requirements.
Companies that provide selfless information through particip
Companies that provide selfless information through particip
amazingly versatile material. Whether you are building some of the largest structures in the world or a small pathway, the evolution and discovery of concrete has changed our worl
tion in industry events and feedback to regulatory authorities would be able to face the challenges and will be successful in developing combination products
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